Tuesday, 21 June 2016

Audience Theory - Indirect Media Effects

Cultivation Theory: Daniel Chandler 1995
- This suggests that media effects can culminate and build up slowly over a long period of time.

- Our beliefs and ideologies are built up throughout our lives/ handed down to us from previous        generations.

- Prolonged exposure to certain ideas can result in changed behaviour

- Suggests we have a set of existing beliefs and the media reinforced those ideologies.

Reception Theory: Stuart Hall 1980
- Media messages have a range of possible meanings.

Encoding: Originator has a point they want to get across

Decoding: Audience viewing the advert will decode the message in a variety of ways.

Hall's 3 Readings
 Dominant Reading : Agree and receive the message the producer wanted.

 Negotiated Reading : Audience accepts but also resists the message.

 Oppositional : Completely reject the message.

Relative Autonomy - One sense I am free to make my own choices based on my lifestyle.
                               On the other hand I am bombarded by adverts and may find the ultimately more
                               difficult to resist.

Web 2.0: David Gauntlett
 - Web 2.0 is the second stage of the internet. Characterised especially by the change from static web       pages to dynamic or user generated content.

Prosumer : Both consumers and producers of media texts.

Web 2.0 in trailers :

  • Hashtags
  • Links to Websites
  • Links to ticket sales
  • Links to social media pages
Responses to Web 2.0
David Buckingham 
 - Celebrates the power of active users'. It ignores structures that shape those powers.

Andrew Keen
 - 'Cult of amateurs' believes that it devalues the professionals.
 - Removes Gate-keeps. Talent and expertise are devalued in favour of those who shout the loudest. 

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